Grammar Miscellanea
/ 15 min read
Table of Contents
语法杂项
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一句话第一个单词是 doing,考虑两种情况:
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动名词作主语:Doing sth 谓语(单数)宾语
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非谓语动词:Doing sth, 主谓宾
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一句话第一个单词是 Done,非谓语动词:Done by sth/副词,主谓宾。
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stress A over B, embrace A over B, prefer A over B
over 超过,A 为程度更深的那个。
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have sth to do with 有关
have nothing to do with 无关
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常与 over 搭配的动词
control over sth. 对某事的控制。
advantage over sb./sth. 比某人或某事更有优势。
edge over 同上,也表示优势。
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one, the other 一个,另一个。总数只有两个。
one, another 一个,另一个。总数超过两个。
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not so much A as B = not A but rather B 不是 A,而是 B
so much as = even 甚至
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call A B 称呼 A 为 B,中间无介词,遇到要注意将 A 和 B 分开。B 可能是 n./adj./不定式 等。
类似的还有
offer A B
give A (to) B
consider A (as) B
find A B
make A B
leave A B
declaire A B
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表达“提供给某人某物”
offer A(sb.) B = provide A(sb.) with B
offer you an apple = provide you with an apple
当 A 不是 sb.而是 sth.时,或表达的意思不同时,要灵活使用介词,不要拘泥于固定搭配
offer an apple to you
provide an apple for you
provide an apple through your friend to your mom
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to the extent that 词性为 adv. 到了(从句中描述的)程度。
I can do this, to the extent that … 我能做这个事情,能做到…的程度。
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英语中常用 ones 加从句来描述前面的主语。ones 就指代前面的主语。
Computers are ones that are important tools.
上面一句等同于 Computers are important tools.
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would have done 本可能将会
could have done 本可能做
should have done 本应该做
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I think that
I think of sth
I believe that
I believe in sb/sth
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such as 不同于 for example,such as 是对大的复数的概念进行详细列举,而不是对一个事物进行举例说明。
My dad likes to read books, such as history books and math books.
such 还可能提前到大的概念之前,意思完全不变。
My dad likes to read such books as history books and math books.
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allow sb to do sth.
allow for sth.
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并列句谓语相同时可能省略
I like apples, I like pears, and I like watermelons.
可省略为
I like apples, I pears, and I watermelons.
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保护,阻止等固定搭配为 from 的词组,from 应该翻译为免于
shield sb from sth
protect sb from sth
prevant sb from sth
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ability 固定搭配 to,表示关于某事的能力
I want to have your ability to read books.
这里要注意不能理解为 have sth to do,不是有某种能力再去做某事,而是 ability to do,有做某事的能力。
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时间(作关系连词)加完整句子,整体作主句的状语或解释说明:时间 + 主谓宾, 主谓宾.
Every time
The day
One hour after
The moment
例句:
The day you saw me, you were happy.
The moment I saw you, I fell in love with you.
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place a value on sth
Value has been placed on sth
两个固定搭配,上价值,即重视某事。
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anything but 任何事除了
everything but 任何事除了
nothing but 什么都不是除了
这里可以把 but 翻译为除了,主要强调 but 后的意思。
例句:
You are everything but smart. = You are not smart.
He is nothing but important. = He is important.
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way 相关词组
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out of the way 不挡道
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in the way 阻止 get in the way of
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in a/one’s way 以…方法
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on the/one’s way 快到了
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by the way 顺便说一下
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v. ones way 一路以 v. 的方式
You like to play games.
Do you want to play your way into college?
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Of n., 主谓宾
该句型中,of 翻译为在…中,n.是一个较大的概念,而后半句的主语通常是较大概念中的一个小概念。
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sb. keep doing sth. 某人持续做某事。
sth. keep sb. (from) doing sth. 某事阻止某人做另外某事,注意 from 有时省略。
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sleep/dream on sth. 睡过去,不用管某事。
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bring about = lead to 导致。
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be immune to (from) sth. 对某物产生免疫。
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out 作为前缀的词,表示程度更深,超过
A outlive B - A 比 B 活得更久
A outsmart B - A 更聪明胜过 B
A outperform B - A 比 B 表现更好
A has been outgrew by B - A 被 B 发展超过了
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句子 A, before 句子 B = Before 句子 B, 句子 A
英语中常常分句做状语后置,而中国人习惯状语前置,故一定注意两种形式表达的意思完全一致。
句子 A 先发生,句子 B 后发生。
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in the wake of = after
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more often than not = usually
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coupled with 加上
My ability, coupled with your skills, can help us do many things.
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lay off 解雇
Company lay off employees.
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make up with 弥补,修复,重归于好
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saving account (美国)存款账户,有取款限制有利息,相当于国内定期
checking account (美国)支票账户,无限制无利息,相当于国内活期
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bear 过去式:bore 过去分词:borne
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a lot of 量词,修饰名词
I have a lot of books.
a lot 副词,修饰比较级(形容词)
You are a lot smarter than me.
a great/good deal of 量词,修饰不可数名词
a great/good deal 副词,修饰比较级(形容词)
You are a good deal smarter than me.
A looks far less like B, and a good deal more like C. A 看起来远不像 B,并远远更加多像 C。
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scores of sth. 不是 A of B(核心词是 A),scores of 是量词,表示很多,核心词是后面的 sth.
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should 除表示“本应该”外,还用在从句的 that 后,或用在 why,how,who,what 等词后,表示惊讶,译为竟然,还能。
It is astonishing that we should find violence here. 很惊讶的是我们竟然在这里发现了暴力。
I was in this store when who should I see across the street but Toby? 当我在这家商店时,除了托比我还能在街对面看到谁?
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a- 前缀 (大部分情况为 adjective 词性)
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表示状态
alike 表示 like (相似) 的状态 (也有副词用法)
asleep 表示 sleep 的状态
awake 表示 wake 的状态
astray 表示 stray 的状态
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表示相反
asynchronize 异步 synchronize 同步
asymmetric 不对称的 symmetric 对称的
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do the rounds
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to be passed from one person to another person and become widely known. 新闻或谣言被一个人接一个人地传播并被广泛知晓,即撒播。
“Rumors about his resigning as CEO were doing the rounds.”
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访问或参与很多特定团体的事物,通常是流程的一部分,即走流程。
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have sb. to do sth.
使某人做某事
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have/get sth./sb. done
表被动,使某事物或某人被做。
This apple is eaten by me.
I have/get this apple eaten.
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range from A to B
The store sells something to public, ranging in price from $2 to $4.
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attach importance/significance/value/weight to
People attach too much importance to economic forecasts.
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behind the scenes 表示“在幕后”
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the player of the year 年度最佳球员
the movie of the year 年度最佳电影
lists of players of the tournament 锦标赛最佳球员列表
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20-somethings 20 多岁的人
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in charge 负责、管理(当领导)
Your friends in charge are good. 你那些当领导的朋友是好人。
Your friends are in charge. 你那些朋友是当领导的。
in charge of 管理某事(主动)
in the charge of 在某人的管理下(被管)
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Just because …, doesn’t mean that …
仅仅因为某事,并不意味着…
Just because you are a student, doesn’t mean that you can have this for free.
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Just as 句子 1, 句子 2.
就好像 句子 1 一样,句子 2 也怎样。
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defend the title 卫冕
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not 用于动词否定
no 用于名词否定
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prior to 介词短语 = before 介词(before 也可当连词)
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boil down to 归结为
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a home (away) from home 宾至如归的地方
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祈使句 + and + 主谓宾
Look at that school and you will be happy about their facilities.
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长介词短语 + 主谓宾
介词短语修饰主句中的主语
With no facilities like that school, my school is also good.
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某某感 在英文中使用 sense of … 不用 feeling/thought 等
例如:安全感 sense of security
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To do sth., 主句. 译为 为了做某事,怎么怎么样。实质上句首的 To 前 省略了 In order
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say 后大概率跟句子,可能会跟一个名词。think 后 100%跟句子,因为跟名字时会用 think of。
say n.
say (that) 句子
think (that) 句子
think of n.
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wary adj. 小心的;提防的
be wary of 小心某事
be aware of 注意某事
be capable of 有能力做某事
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be the case 这个情况
would otherwise have been the case. 不是这样的情况。(前面有个 what 常常被省略)
Sth. happend. They do sth. fewer than (what) would otherwise have been the case. 一些事情发生了,他们做某件事更少了,比不是这样的情况下。
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only if 几乎等于 if。if 译为如果,不排除其他情况;only if 译为除非(仅仅如果),only if 排除了其他情况;还要注意 only 开头(否定副词开头),主谓倒装的情况
if only 译为要是这样就好了
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非谓语作状语的 3 个情况
By doing sth.
Without doing
Using sth.
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hand in hand 手拉手,也可表示合作、配合
A could go hand in hand with B = A needs to cooperate with B
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bind v. 束缚(过去式与过去分词 bound)
be bound to 注定会,必然会
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of sorts 某种程度上的(不太典型的例子)
a lie of sorts 一个谎言在某种程度上
sort of 某种程度上的(有点)
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be of n. = have n. = be adj.
This book is of importance.
This book has importance.
This book is important.
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be it A or B 无论 A 还是 B = whether A or B
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foot 表示尺寸时,什么时候用单数什么时候用复数
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当形容词时用单数 a 10-foot tree
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当名词时常用复数 tree is 10 feet high
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形容身高且带有英寸时常用单数 I’m 5-foot-7 = I’m 5 feet 7 inches tall
整数英寸身高直接使用复数 I’m 6 feet tall.
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centi- 前缀 指百分之一 或 一百
centimeter 百分之一米即一厘米
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used to do 译为过去常常做(现在不了),其中 used 作为动词过去式 to 为不定式(但还有一种情况是两者没有关系,used 跟着前面的意群 to 是动词不定式)
be used to doing 译为习惯于做,used 作为形容词 to 为介词
be used to do 译为被用来做,used 作为动词过去分词,to 为不定式
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常见简单词组或词汇,但理解易错
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happen to 碰巧
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come across 偶遇
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all the same = nevertheless 即便如此
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practically = virtually = pretty much = almost = nearly 几乎/实际上
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given 在句首,词性为介词(后面跟名词)或连词(后面跟一个句子),译为考虑到
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Given you are a boy, you can do this.
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Given your gender, you can do this.
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Given the weather today, I don’t want to go to school.
Given the weather today 从句相当于副词 可后置
I don’t want to go to school given the weather today.
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provided 在句首,词性为连词(后面跟句子),译为如果(= if)
provided 分句, 主句
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in charge 负责、管理(当领导)
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bring about = lead to 导致
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not least = in particular; notably. 尤其
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set out 出发旅程;想要做某事;按特定顺序安排或罗列某事
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now that 既然(现在已经是这个样子了)
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in that = because 连词 (in that 单独作为一个意群时)
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A feed on B. A 以 B 为食
A live on/off B. A 靠 B 活
feed v. 喂养;使逐渐穿过(受限空间) n. 喂养;向机器输送原材料的设备或导管;给舞台演员的提词
live v. 保持活着;安家、生活 adj. 活着的;现场的(非录音的);接电源的;热点(话题)的 adv. 直播地
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in the wake of = in the pace of 随着(…的结果)
wake v. 醒来 n. 守灵;教堂守护节;(船或飞机在水或空气中留下的)尾迹
in the wake of 的 wake 是 n. 尾迹的意思
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back and forth adv. 来来回回地
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in the meantime 与此同时(常用于与上文转折)
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at odds with 与之相矛盾
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stake n. 木或金属桩;赌注 v. (用木桩)支撑;下注
at stake 1. 输赢之间的、危在旦夕的 = at risk/to be won or lost 2. 处在争论中的、有问题的 = at issue/in question
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It pays to do sth. 做某事是有益的。
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