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状语从句 + 外刊句式积累

状语从句

含义理解：作状语的从句叫状语从句，状语从句的本质是在修饰动词。状语从句分句 = 副词（修饰动词）

句型：关系连词+分句（主谓宾），主句（主句有一套完整的主谓宾）或 主句（主谓宾），关系连词+分句（主谓宾）

例句：When I was in school, I can play soccer. 这里“play”发出的条件是“When I was in school”，也就是说只有我过去在学校的时候我才能踢足球，其他时候不能。

当分句主语和主句一致时，分句主语可省略，谓语是 Be 动词时，Be 动词也能省略。be + adj./介词短语/done/doing

If happy, I am playing soccer. 省略分句主语与 Be 动词

If beaten, I am sad. 省略分句主语与 Be 动词，且是被动

关系连词

  • 大连词:

    and but or so 并列任何词性

  • 关系连词：

    while as when although however if where why

  • 需要单独记的关系连词

    Given that 分句, 主句. given 翻译为“考虑到”

    Provided 分句, 主句. provided = if，翻译为“如果”

while

while 翻译为“与此同时”，既会有“当”的意思，又会有“尽管”的意思，效率会高很多。

  1. 分句中有“进行时”的时候，while 大概率会是“当”的意思
  2. 其他情况，while 考虑是表转折“尽管”的意思

I am doing everything to win this match while you are playing games everyday.

although/though/while 三个词中，although 与 though 更正式一点，while 转折程度弱一点；虽然这三个词都是表转折，但分句不是重点，主句的观点是重点。而 but 相反，but 所在的那个句子是表达的核心重点。

as

as 很常见，是因为意思很多且常见，用起来也很灵活方便

  1. as 作介词，译为“作为”，后面接名词 as + n.

    regard/consider/deem A as B

  2. as 作连词，as + 句子

    • 译为“当”，= when
    • 译为“因为”， = bacause
    • 译为“正如”，as + sb./sth. + v. 这个结构常在句首或当插入语

    读得句子多了，会发现，前两个意思“当”与“因为”没有本质的差别，都是一种条件状语，互换也不影响对句子的理解。因此很多母语人表达时就不用去纠结用 when 还是 because，用 as 完美适配两种情况。

    as 译为“正如”时，现代语法书会把它当连词。但实际上你会发现句子成分并不完整，要么缺宾语要么缺主语，as 需要充当句子成分，那此时 as 词性其实更像定语从句的关系代词 which

    As you said, I am a student.

    As is reported in this article, I am student.

    As showed in this experiment, you are correct.

  3. as…as 结构

    翻译：把第一个 as 忽略，第二个 as 翻译为“正如”

    例句：This city is as beautiful as Shanghai.

    注意：理论上两个 as 中间可以放任何词性的内容，两个 as 中间部分要与前面的句子语法相连，即去除 as … as 结构，剩下的内容也不能有语法上的错误

    错误例句：This school grows as beautiful as that school. 显然 beautiful 无法修饰 grows，应用 beautifully.

    This apple is as sweet in Beijing as in shanghai.

    I want to write a song as good as yours.

    I want to write a song as well as you do.

    I hope you can tell me a specific address as accurately as possible.

    I hope you can give me a report as accurate as possible.

非谓语动词状语从句

非谓语动词也是动词，意味着它也可以加状语从句。

If I can buy it tomorrow, this book written by me when you are in Beijing is useful.

written by me 是非谓语动词，when you are in Beijing 状语从句，可以修饰 written 也可以修饰后面的 is，但通过意思判断是修饰 written。最前面的条件状语从句If I can buy it tomorrow，因为有逗号，所以修饰主句的核心谓语 is

介词 + 宾语，有宾语的地方就有可能有宾语从句

In a place.

In where you play soccer, I am happy.

外刊句式积累

  1. Certain topics never fail to generate a flood of impassioned reactions online: immigration, President Obama, federal taxes, “birthers”, and race. The story about Obama’s Kenyan aunt, who had been exposed as an illegal immigrant living in public housing in Boston and who was now seeking asylum, manages to pull strands from all five of those contentious subjects.

    e.g. Certain topics never fail to generate a flood of impassioned reactions online: innovation, clean energy, and electrical vehicles. The advent of Artificial Intelligence manages to pull strands from all three of those contentious subjects.

    • impassion v. 使热情 impassioned adj. 充满情感的、情感强烈的

    • birther n. 质疑奥巴马公民身份不能当总统的人

    • asylum n. 政治庇护；过去也指精神病救治所

    • contentious adj. 有争议的

    Certain topics never fail to generate a flood of impassioned reactions online: innovation, education, environmental protection. Electrical vehicle manages to pull strands from all three of those contentious subjects.

    Certain topics never fail to generate a flood of impassioned reactions online: social security, the availability of public transportation and health care. The problem of an aging population/society manages to pull strands from all three of those contentious subjects.

  2. Life in the digital age brings many new possibilities and challenges, but it also raises questions about older policies and practices that do not transfer easily to online communication.

    e.g. Electric vehicle technology in the digital age brings many new possibilities and challenges, but it also raises questions about older policies and practices that do not transfer easily to the regulation of the EVs.

  3. Controversy over the content of education has been particularly keen since the 1950s. The pendulum has swung from learner-centered progressive education to an emphasis on structured intellectual discipline to calls for radical reform in the direction of “openness” to the recent rally to go “back to basics”.

    Controversy over sth. has been particularly keen. The pendulum has swung from A to B.

    e.g. Controversy over the content of wild animal protection has been particularly keen/known/immense since the 1990s. The pendulum has swung from human development as a top priority to an emphasis on the idea that all creatures are equal in terms of development.

    电动车很流行

    Controversy over the use of EVs has been particularly keen since the 21st century. The pendulum has swung from a niche area of transportation for a few electronic device enthusiasts to a popular commuting way to common people in a city.

    • keen adj. （感官）敏锐的；（边缘）锋利的；狂热的（人） v. 唱哀歌 n. 爱尔兰哀歌

    • immense adj. 巨大的

    • pendulum n. 摆（类似钟摆运动的重物）；钟摆

  4. Yet even if the behavior of sulfate particles can be understood and managed, it is far from clear how injecting them into the stratosphere would affect vast, complex climate systems.

    e.g. Yet even if the behavior of palying computer games can be understood and managed, it is far from clear whether all students could be beneficial from the virtual wourld full of temptation.

    • sulfate n. 硫酸盐

    • particle n. 粒子、微粒；最少的可能的量 the least particle of sth.；（语法）助词（与动词一起构成短语的副词）

    • stratosphere n. 平流层

    • troposphere n. 对流层

  5. Doing nothing or too little is clearly wrong, but so is doing too much.

    e.g. As for parenting, doing nothing or too little is clearly wrong, but so is doing too much.

    电动车现在很流行

    Ignoring the development of EVs is clearly wrong, but so is underestimating it.

  6. Yet attacking narrow special interests is a far cry from embracing economic competition for everyone else.

    积累：Doing A is a far cry from doing B. 表示差得很远 = different

    cry 是喊声的名词，古时候测距离靠喊，最远能听到的喊声的距离就是 a cry，超过这个距离就叫 a far cry，即听不到喊声的距离。现在多用抽象意义表示“差别很大”

    e.g. Yet helping children tell right from wrong is a far cry from making every decision for them.

  7. Ever since the Internet became available for public use, the element of trust that had been a part of the concept undergirding the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web has been tested by individuals, companies interested in data mining, and those who see the distribution form as a means of reaching targeted consumers.

    e.g. Ever since the electric vehicle became available for public use, the element of safety has been tested by individuals, companies, and those who see the new technology as a threat to their present benefits.

    Ever since the public education became available for public use, the element of teachers/grades/computer use…

    Ever since the environment protection became available for public use, the element of air quality…

  8. Every place has its own sorry story to tell, but in each country, we can trace the decline to a few common factors.

    Every successful product has its own winning story to tell, we can trace the take-off of EVs to a few common factors.